Construction List Api
Return list of all constructions
GET /database/api/constructions
[ { "id": 1, "construction_id": "Vthat0", "pattern": "V that", "name": "\"V that\"", "description": "This is a very general construction abstracting over a range of more specific uses. In this construction, a person or entity (the Agent) is put in relation with a particular event or situation (a Fact), expressed as a clause optionally introduced by 'that'. The nature of this relation depends on the verb that is used in the construction: communication (the Agent verbally expresses the Fact as a message: say, claim), cognition (the Agent has the Fact in mind: think, realise), emotion (the Agent has a particular emotional reaction to the Fact: like, fear), and several others.", "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP Verb (that) Clause", "meaning": "An Agent relates to a Fact in a way specified by the verb." }, { "id": 2, "construction_id": "Vthat1", "pattern": null, "name": "Communication \"V that\"", "description": null, "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP Verb (that) Clause", "meaning": "A Communicator conveys a Message, by verbal or non-verbal means." }, { "id": 3, "construction_id": "Vthat11", "pattern": null, "name": "Statement \"V that\"", "description": null, "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP Verb (that) Clause", "meaning": "A Speaker addresses a Message to an unmentioned addressee using language." }, { "id": 4, "construction_id": "Vthat12", "pattern": null, "name": "Request \"V that\"", "description": null, "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP Verb that Clause(mandative)", "meaning": "A Speaker utters a Message asking for some action to be done." }, { "id": 5, "construction_id": "Vthat13", "pattern": null, "name": "Commitment \"V that\"", "description": null, "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP Verb (that) Clause", "meaning": "A Speaker makes a commitment for a state of affairs communicated in a Message to happen." }, { "id": 6, "construction_id": "Vthat14", "pattern": null, "name": "Attempt_suasion \"V that\"", "description": null, "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP Verb that Clause(mandative)", "meaning": "A Speaker utters some Content to convince hearers that some state of affairs should hold." }, { "id": 7, "construction_id": "Vthat15", "pattern": null, "name": "Reasoning \"V that\"", "description": null, "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP Verb that Clause", "meaning": "An Arguer utters some Content to show that some state of affairs is true." }, { "id": 8, "construction_id": "Vthat16", "pattern": null, "name": "Communication_manner \"V that\"", "description": "This construction differs from its parent, Communication \"V that\", in that it expresses manner of communication directly in the verb, instead of some external adjunct (like an adverb or a prepositional phrase). It is used with verbs encoding different ways in which spoken communication takes place: for instance volume (shout, whisper), noise (groan, burble), or speaker's attitude (sneer, enthuse).", "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP Verb (that) Clause", "meaning": "A Speaker conveys a Message in a specific Manner." }, { "id": 9, "construction_id": "Vthat17", "pattern": null, "name": "Communication_means \"V that\"", "description": "This construction is identical to the Communication \"V that\" construction it inherits from, except that the verb explicitly encodes the Means of communication, i.e. the specific instrument used by the Communicator to convey the Message: telephone, fax, computer software (email, IM, skype), etc.", "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP Verb that Clause", "meaning": "A Communicator conveys a Message using specific Means." }, { "id": 10, "construction_id": "Vthat18", "pattern": null, "name": "Communication_response \"V that\"", "description": "This construction covers two kinds of uses: (i) the Speaker answers a question, (ii) the Speaker reacts to a prior utterance of another speaker.", "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP Verb that Clause", "meaning": "A Speaker utters a Message in response to something that has been said earlier." }, { "id": 11, "construction_id": "Vthat2", "pattern": null, "name": "Mental_activity \"V that\"", "description": null, "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP Verb (that) Clause", "meaning": "A Sentient_entity has some activity of the mind operating on a particular Content." }, { "id": 12, "construction_id": "Vthat21", "pattern": null, "name": "Awareness \"V that\"", "description": "This construction is concerned with people having knowledge, beliefs, or opinions. Verbs used in this construction differ as to whether the Content the Cognizer has in mind is presupposed to be true (know), or is just maintained as a matter of opinion or belief (think, believe), how certain the Cognizer is of the truthy of Content (trust, doubt), or whether the status of the Content in the Cognizer's mind has changed (remember, forget).", "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP Verb (that) Clause", "meaning": "A Cognizer has a certain Content in his or her model of the world." }, { "id": 13, "construction_id": "Vthat22", "pattern": null, "name": "Coming_to_believe \"V that\"", "description": "This construction expresses changes in belief, knowledge, and opinions. The change can be based on evidence ", "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP Verb (that) Clause", "meaning": "A Cognizer comes to believe some Content, typically after a process of reasoning." }, { "id": 14, "construction_id": "Vthat23", "pattern": null, "name": "Cogitation \"V that\"", "description": "This construction expresses events in which someone is actively thinking about something, as opposed to simply having it in their mind (cf. Awareness \"V that\"), i.e. it is the focus of their attention and they are engaged in some kind of cognitive processing with respect to it.", "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP Verb (that) Clause", "meaning": "A Cognizer thinks about a Topic for a certain period of time." }, { "id": 15, "construction_id": "Vthat3", "pattern": null, "name": "Perception \"V that\"", "description": null, "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP Verb that Clause", "meaning": "A Perceiver is aware of a Phenomenon through his or her senses." }, { "id": 16, "construction_id": "Vthat4", "pattern": null, "name": "Becoming_aware \"V that\"", "description": "This construction is concerned with someone becoming aware of some outside phenomenon. The difference with the Coming_to_believe \"V that\" construction is that this is achieved through observation, as opposed to being the result of reasoning or some other kind of cognitive process.", "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP Verb (that) Clause", "meaning": "A Perceiver becomes aware of some Phenomenon." }, { "id": 17, "construction_id": "Vthat5", "pattern": null, "name": "Emotions \"V that\"", "description": null, "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP Verb (that) Clause", "meaning": "An Experiencer feels a particular emotion with respect to some Content." }, { "id": 18, "construction_id": "Vthat6", "pattern": null, "name": "Evidence \"V that\"", "description": null, "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP Verb (that) Clause", "meaning": "Some Support lends validity to a Proposition." }, { "id": 19, "construction_id": "Vthat7", "pattern": null, "name": "Causation \"V that\"", "description": "This construction is about relations of causality between two facts, construed in a very broad sense. It can be about people making arrangements for something to happen (arrange, see), rules or laws allowing or requiring some state of affairs (provide, dictate), facts being dependent on other facts (require, presuppose), or situations determining the future (ensure, mean). Pretend is included in this construction because its meaning is considered similar: with this verb, an agent acts in such a way as to make others believe that a certain state of affairs is true, instead of actually causing it to be true.", "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP Verb (that) Clause", "meaning": "A Cause is responsible for the occurrence of an Effect." }, { "id": 20, "construction_id": "Vtonthat1", "pattern": null, "name": "Communication \"V to n that\"", "description": null, "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP V to NP that Clause", "meaning": "A Communicator conveys a Message to an Addressee." }, { "id": 21, "construction_id": "drumintonthat", "pattern": null, "name": "\"drum into n that\"", "description": null, "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP drum into NP that Clause", "meaning": "A Speaker repeats a Message to an Addressee until he or she understands or remembers it." }, { "id": 22, "construction_id": "impressonnthat", "pattern": null, "name": "\"impress on/upon n that\"", "description": null, "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP impress on/upon n that Clause", "meaning": "A Speaker conveys a Message to an Addressee and makes him or her understand its significance." }, { "id": 23, "construction_id": "Vtonthat2", "pattern": null, "name": "Evidence \"V to n that\"", "description": null, "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP V to NP that Clause", "meaning": "Some Support lends validity to a Proposition from the perspective of a particular Cognizer." }, { "id": 24, "construction_id": "Vat", "pattern": "V at n", "name": "\"V at n\"", "description": null, "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP Verb at NP", "meaning": null }, { "id": 25, "construction_id": "Vat1", "pattern": "V at n", "name": "Directed action \"V at n\"", "description": null, "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP Verb at NP", "meaning": "An Agent performs some action in the direction of a Goal." }, { "id": 26, "construction_id": "Vat1-1", "pattern": "V at n", "name": "Sound emission \"V at n\"", "description": null, "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP Verb at NP", "meaning": "An Agent produces a sound in the direction of an Addressee." }, { "id": 27, "construction_id": "Vat1-2", "pattern": "V at n", "name": "Looking \"V at n\"", "description": null, "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP Verb at NP", "meaning": "A Perceiver turns his or her gaze towards a Phenomenon." }, { "id": 28, "construction_id": "Vat1-3", "pattern": "V at n", "name": "Body_movement \"V at n\"", "description": null, "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP Verb at NP", "meaning": "An Agent performs a motion of the body or face oriented towards an Addressee." }, { "id": 29, "construction_id": "Vat1-4", "pattern": "V at n", "name": "Attack \"V at n\"", "description": null, "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP Verb at NP", "meaning": "An Assailant attempts to hurt or damage a Target." }, { "id": 30, "construction_id": "Vat1-4-1", "pattern": "V at n", "name": "Revenge \"V back at n\"", "description": null, "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP Verb back at NP", "meaning": "An Avenger performs an attack on a Offender as a consequence of an earlier action by the Offender." }, { "id": 31, "construction_id": "Vat1-5", "pattern": "V at n", "name": "Purpose \"V at n\"", "description": null, "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP Verb at NP", "meaning": "An Agent wants to achieve a Goal." }, { "id": 32, "construction_id": "Vat1-6", "pattern": null, "name": "Acting on \"V at n\"", "description": null, "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP Verb at NP", "meaning": "An Agent acts in some way on a Patient." }, { "id": 33, "construction_id": "Vat1-6-1", "pattern": "V at n", "name": "Non-affectedness \"V at n\"", "description": null, "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP Verb at NP", "meaning": "An Agent acts on a Patient but this causes little or no effect on the Patient, either because the Agent's action was not strong enough or it was not the Agent's intention in the first place." }, { "id": 34, "construction_id": "Vat1-6-2", "pattern": "V at n", "name": "Attempted contact \"V at n\"", "description": null, "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP Verb at NP", "meaning": "An Agent makes a move to attempt to make contact with a Target, but their attempt may or may not succeed." }, { "id": 35, "construction_id": "Vat1-6-3", "pattern": "V at n", "name": "Repeated contact \"V at n\"", "description": null, "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP Verb at NP", "meaning": "An Agent repeatedly makes contact with a Patient, either because the action is inherently repetitive, or because a single contact doesn't bring about the expected effect." }, { "id": 36, "construction_id": "Vat1-6-4", "pattern": "V at n", "name": "Bit-by-bit ingestion \"V at n\"", "description": null, "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP Verb at NP", "meaning": "An Ingestor consumes an Ingestible in small amounts." }, { "id": 37, "construction_id": "Vat1-6-5", "pattern": null, "name": "Clutching \"V at\"", "description": null, "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP Verb at NP", "meaning": "A Holder holds, takes, or attempts to take an Item firmly, typically making broad gestures or using force." }, { "id": 38, "construction_id": "Vat1-7", "pattern": "V at n", "name": "Making aware \"V at n\"", "description": null, "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP Verb at NP", "meaning": "Some Content is noticed by an Experiencer." }, { "id": 39, "construction_id": "Vat1-8", "pattern": "V at n", "name": "Becoming aware \"V at n\"", "description": null, "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP Verb at NP", "meaning": "A Cognizer becomes aware of some Content." }, { "id": 40, "construction_id": "Vat2", "pattern": "V at n", "name": "Reaction \"V at n\"", "description": null, "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP Verb at NP", "meaning": "An Agent performs an action in reaction to a Stimulus." }, { "id": 41, "construction_id": "Vat2-1", "pattern": "V at n", "name": "Judgment_communication \"V at n\"", "description": null, "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP Verb at NP", "meaning": "A Speaker talks or emits a sound to express his or her attitude towards a Stimulus." }, { "id": 42, "construction_id": "Vat2-2", "pattern": "V at n", "name": "Emotional reaction \"V at n\"", "description": null, "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP Verb at NP", "meaning": "An Experiencer expresses a particular feeling in reaction to a Stimulus." }, { "id": 43, "construction_id": "Vat2-3", "pattern": "V at n", "name": "Willingness \"V at n\"", "description": null, "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP Verb at NP", "meaning": "A Cognizer is either willing or reluctant to engage in an Activity." }, { "id": 44, "construction_id": "Vat3", "pattern": "V at n", "name": "Having value \"V at n\"", "description": null, "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP Verb at NP", "meaning": "An Entity receives a particular Measurement with respect to some attribute (e.g. length, weight, duration, price, etc.)." }, { "id": 45, "construction_id": "Vat-awayat", "pattern": "V at n", "name": "Acting on \"V away at n\"", "description": "This construction can be seen as a variant of the \"Acting on V at\" construction, from which it inherits parts of its form. It is used in similar ways and at the highest level can be seen to have a very similar meaning, except than it implies a repetition or duration that uses of the \"Acting on V at\" construction do not necessarily have. However, it is more restricted in its distribution than the \"Acting on V at\" construction.", "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP Verb away at NP", "meaning": "An Agent acts in some way on a Patient, either repeatedly or over a long period of time." }, { "id": 46, "construction_id": "Vat-awayat1", "pattern": "V at n", "name": "Spending efforts \"V away at n\"", "description": null, "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP Verb away at NP", "meaning": "An Agent spends efforts towards achieving some Goal." }, { "id": 47, "construction_id": "Vat-awayat2", "pattern": "V at n", "name": "Bit-by-bit damage \"V away at n\"", "description": null, "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP Verb away at NP", "meaning": "An Agent makes repeated contact with a Patient and damages it gradually." }, { "id": 48, "construction_id": "Vat-awayat3", "pattern": "V at n", "name": "Bit-by-bit ingestion \"V away at n\"", "description": null, "author": null, "usagenotes": "This construction is frequently used metaphorically, i.e. not in the sense of literal, physical ingestion by a living being, but in a figurative sense of something being gradually damaged or made to disappear, e.g. 'Cuts in the public sector eat away at one of the few parts of the economy with a relatively even geographical distribution' (BNC).", "form": "NP Verb away at NP", "meaning": "An Ingester consumes an Ingestible in small amounts over a long period of time." }, { "id": 49, "construction_id": "Vnton1", "pattern": "V n to n", "name": "Transfer \"V n to n\"", "description": null, "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP Verb NP to NP", "meaning": "An Agent causes a Theme to reach a Goal." }, { "id": 50, "construction_id": "Vnton1-1", "pattern": "V n to n", "name": "Giving \"V n to n\"", "description": null, "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP Verb NP to NP", "meaning": "A Donor transfers a Theme to a Recipient." }, { "id": 51, "construction_id": "arrogatentoself", "pattern": "V n to n", "name": "arrrogate n to oneself", "description": null, "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP arrogate NP to -self", "meaning": "An Agent claims or takes a Theme even though he or she has no right to do so." }, { "id": 52, "construction_id": "Vnton1-2", "pattern": "V n to n", "name": "Cause_motion \"V n to n\"", "description": null, "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP Verb NP to NP", "meaning": "An Agent causes a Theme to move to a Recipient." }, { "id": 53, "construction_id": "Vnton1-3", "pattern": "V n to n", "name": "Cause_to_perceive \"V n to n\"", "description": null, "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP Verb NP to NP", "meaning": "An Actor causes a Phenomenon to be perceived by a Perceiver." }, { "id": 54, "construction_id": "Vnton1-3-1", "pattern": "V n to n", "name": "Communication \"V n to n\"", "description": null, "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP Verb NP to NP", "meaning": "A Communicator conveys a Message to an Addressee." }, { "id": 55, "construction_id": "Vnton1-3-1-1", "pattern": "V n to n", "name": "Reporting \"V n to n\"", "description": null, "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP Verb NP to NP", "meaning": "An Informer informs the Authorities of the improper behaviour of a Wrongdoer." }, { "id": 56, "construction_id": "turnoneselfinton", "pattern": "V n to n", "name": "turn oneself in to n", "description": null, "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP turn -self in to NP", "meaning": "A Wrongdoer informs the Authorities that he or she was engaged in some misbehaviour." }, { "id": 57, "construction_id": "breakthenewston", "pattern": "V n to n", "name": "\"break the news to n\"", "description": null, "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP break the news to NP", "meaning": "A Communicator conveys some newly received and noteworthy Information to an Addressee." }, { "id": 58, "construction_id": "unburdenselfton", "pattern": "V n to n", "name": "unburden oneself to n", "description": null, "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP unburden -self to NP", "meaning": "A Speaker tells an Addressee about something which he or she has been secretly worrying about." }, { "id": 59, "construction_id": "Vnton2", "pattern": "V n to n", "name": "Resultative \"V n to n\"", "description": "This abstract construction generalises over a range of constructions in which a Patient undergoes a change caused by an Agent. The Result role is a cover term for a wide range of ways in which the Patient might be affected. The exact nature of this entity varies according to the sub-construction.", "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP Verb NP to NP", "meaning": "An Agent acts on a Patient to cause a certain Result." }, { "id": 60, "construction_id": "Vnton2-1", "pattern": "V n to n", "name": "Cause_change \"V n to n\"", "description": "This construction expresses change of state events, either a change of category (e.g. convert, turn) or a change in value (e.g. increase, reduce). Note that in the case of 'keep', the verb lexicalises the absence of change.", "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP Verb NP to NP", "meaning": "An Agent causes an Entity to change to a Final_state." }, { "id": 61, "construction_id": "cutdowntosize", "pattern": "V n to n", "name": "\"cut someone down to size\"", "description": null, "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP cut NP down to size", "meaning": "A Speaker speaks to show that a Patient is not as important as they think they are." }, { "id": 62, "construction_id": "Vntodeath", "pattern": "V n to n", "name": "Intensifier \"V n to death\"", "description": "This abstract construction covers a couple of more specific constructions that are used as intensifiers by means of the phrase 'to death', each with a specific set of verbs. Although death is not necessarily implied, the phrase 'to death' entails that the Patient should be a living entity, regardless of the verb.", "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP V NP to death", "meaning": "An Agent affects a Patient to a much larger extent than usual." }, { "id": 63, "construction_id": "Vntodeath1", "pattern": "V n to n", "name": "Killing \"V n to death\"", "description": null, "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP V NP to death", "meaning": "An Agressor causes a Victim to die as a result of physical harm." }, { "id": 64, "construction_id": "Vntodeath2", "pattern": "V n to n", "name": "Stimulate_emotion \"V n to death\"", "description": null, "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP V NP to death", "meaning": "A Stimulus causes an emotional reaction in the Experiencer to a much larger extent than usual." }, { "id": 65, "construction_id": "drinktodeath", "pattern": "V n to n", "name": "drink oneself to death", "description": null, "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP drink -self to death", "meaning": "A Drinker drinks alcohol in such large amounts and over such a long period of time that it eventually causes his or her death." }, { "id": 66, "construction_id": "braketoahalt", "pattern": "V n to n", "name": "\"brake n to a halt\"", "description": null, "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP Verb NP to a halt", "meaning": "A Driver causes the Vehicle he or she is driving to stop moving by braking it." }, { "id": 67, "construction_id": "chilltothebone", "pattern": "V n to n", "name": "\"chill someone to the bone\"", "description": null, "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP chill NP to the bone", "meaning": "A Stimulus frightens an Experiencer very much." }, { "id": 68, "construction_id": "razetotheground", "pattern": "V n to n", "name": "\"raze n to the ground\"", "description": null, "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP raze NP to the ground", "meaning": "An Agent completely destroys a Landmark." }, { "id": 69, "construction_id": "settomusic", "pattern": "V n to n", "name": "\"set n to music\"", "description": null, "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP set NP to music", "meaning": "A Composer writes music for the words of a Text to be sung to." }, { "id": 70, "construction_id": "committopaper", "pattern": "V n to n", "name": "\"commit n to paper/writing\"", "description": null, "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP commit NP to paper/writing", "meaning": "A Writer records some Content by writing it down." }, { "id": 71, "construction_id": "committomemory", "pattern": "V n to n", "name": "\"commit n to memory\"", "description": null, "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP commit NP to memory", "meaning": "A Cognizer memorises some Content." }, { "id": 72, "construction_id": "Vnton2-2", "pattern": "V n to n", "name": "Subjective_influence \"V n to n\"", "description": null, "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP Verb NP to NP", "meaning": "A Cause influences a Cognizer to adopt a Behaviour." }, { "id": 73, "construction_id": "Vnton2-3", "pattern": "V n to n", "name": "Adjusting \"V n to n\"", "description": null, "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP Verb NP to NP", "meaning": "An Agent changes a Feature (often of him- or herself) to fit some Circumstances." }, { "id": 74, "construction_id": "resignselfton", "pattern": "V n to n", "name": "\"resign -self to n\"", "description": null, "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP Verb -self to NP", "meaning": "A Cognizer comes to accept a Situation (typically an unpleasant one), usually because he or she realises that they cannot change it." }, { "id": 75, "construction_id": "Vnton2-4", "pattern": "V n to n", "name": "Limiting/extending \"V n to n\"", "description": null, "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP Verb NP to NP", "meaning": "An Agent changes the Extent of a Phenomenon, reducing it or expanding it." }, { "id": 76, "construction_id": "Vnton2-5", "pattern": "V n to n", "name": "Appointing \"V n to n\"", "description": "This construction covers events in which someone gains a new job, function, or role. As indicated in the role's definition, the Role role can either refer to the actual position, or more generally to a group that the Appointee is made to join (e.g. a committee, council, board, assembly, etc.); in the latter case, the Appointee's new role is simply understood to be member of that group, and the exact nature of the role can often be inferred from the nature of the group. The availability of either type of Role largely depends on the verb. For instance, 'recruit' is restricted to groups, whereas 'promote' primarily occurs with functions.", "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP Verb NP to NP", "meaning": "A Selector assigns an Appointee to assume a Role." }, { "id": 77, "construction_id": "Vnton2-6", "pattern": "V n to n", "name": "Cause to experience \"V n to n\"", "description": null, "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP Verb NP to NP", "meaning": "A Cause is responsible for a Patient experiencing a Situation, typically a detrimental one." }, { "id": 78, "construction_id": "putntodeath", "pattern": "V n to n", "name": "\"put n to death\"", "description": null, "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP put NP to death", "meaning": "An Authority causes a Victim to be killed, usually because of some wrongdoing." }, { "id": 79, "construction_id": "Vnn1", "pattern": "V n n", "name": "Possession \"V n n\"", "description": "The form \"V n n\" can be used to describe a large range of events which involves an Owner having a Possession, and an Agent doing something with respect to the relation between Owner and Possession, as specified by its many sub-constructions. The notion of \"possession\" is understood broadly in this construction: it can be mean literally owning physical objects, having some knowledge, having a property or ability, being in a situation, etc.", "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP Verb NP NP", "meaning": "An Agent does something with respect to an Owner and its Possession." }, { "id": 80, "construction_id": "Vnn1-1", "pattern": "V n n", "name": "Giving \"V n n\"", "description": "This construction describes events of giving, in which a Donor causes a Theme to be in the possession of a Recipient. Typically, the Donor transfers the Theme directly to the Recipient, in that the Donor is initially in possession of the Theme, and following the transfer the Donor no longer has the Theme and the Recipient does. Depending on the verb, the construction also covers cases which detracts from the 'ideal' giving scenario, such as the following: (i) the Donor is not initially in possession of the Theme but merely enables its transfer to the Recipient from an unidentified source (e.g. grant), (ii) the Theme is not necessarily transferred but is merely made available for the Recipient to have (e.g. offer), (iii) the Theme is to be transferred at a future point in time (e.g. bequeath, owe). The Theme can be either a physical object or an abstract entity that can be construed as possession (i.e. something that one can 'have'), such as feelings and emotions (e.g. satisfaction), states and situations (e.g. victory, task), etc.", "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP Verb NP NP", "meaning": "A Donor transfers a Theme to a Recipient." }, { "id": 81, "construction_id": "Vnn-standdrink", "pattern": "V n n", "name": "\"stand someone a meal/drink\"", "description": null, "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP stand NP NP", "meaning": "A Donor acquires an Ingestible (a meal or drink) and gives it to a Recipient." }, { "id": 82, "construction_id": "Vnn-dealcards", "pattern": "V n n", "name": "\"deal someone cards\"", "description": null, "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP deal NP NP", "meaning": "A Dealer gives playing Cards to a Player in a card game." }, { "id": 83, "construction_id": "Vnn-bearchild", "pattern": "V n n", "name": "\"bear someone a child\"", "description": null, "author": null, "usagenotes": "literary", "form": "NP bear NP NP", "meaning": "A Mother gives birth to a Child conceived with a Father." }, { "id": 84, "construction_id": "Vnn-look", "pattern": "V n n", "name": "Look \"V n n\"", "description": "This sub-construction of the Giving \"V n n\" construction corresponds to expressions with a verb of ballistic motion like cast, throw, and shoot, and a noun referring to an act of looking (look, glance) filling the Theme role. The interpretation involves the Giving \"V n n\" construction in a figurative way: the Target \"receives\" the Agent's look or glance in the sense that they are being looked at by the Agent. This construction differs from using verbs of looking like look or glance in that it implies that the act of looking is done quickly or furtively.", "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP Verb NP a N", "meaning": "A Looker turns their gaze towards a Target, typically quickly or furtively." }, { "id": 85, "construction_id": "Vnn-smile", "pattern": "V n n", "name": "\"flash someone a smile\"", "description": null, "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP flash NP a smile", "meaning": "An Agent smiles at a Target." }, { "id": 86, "construction_id": "Vnn1-2", "pattern": "V n n", "name": "Benefactive \"V n n\"", "description": "This construction describes events in which someone does something for something else; more specifically, someone (the Benefactor) creates, transforms, or obtains something (the Theme) with the intention of letting another person (the Benefactee) have it. In some cases, the Benefactee does not literally enter in possession of the Theme, but merely enjoys the benefits of the Benefactor's action. This construction is mostly used with verbs of creation (cook, make, knit) and verbs of acquisition (buy, get, book, order, find). It is very productive within these two classes, in that any verb of this kind can potentially be used in the construction. However, other types of verbs can occasionally be attested.", "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP Verb NP NP", "meaning": "A Benefactor intends a Benefactee to have or enjoy the benefit of a Theme, which the Benefactor has created or obtained." }, { "id": 87, "construction_id": "Vnn1-3", "pattern": "V n n", "name": "Cause_motion \"V n n\"", "description": "In this \"V n n\" construction, the Theme is physically moved to a goal, identified as the Recipient. The Recipient ends up in control of the Theme, and is sometimes implied to gain ownership of it. This construction is most typically used with central caused motion verbs like bring or throw, but it also contains verbs that refer to sending via immaterial means, such as fax and email.", "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP Verb NP NP", "meaning": "An Agent causes a Theme to move to a Recipient." }, { "id": 88, "construction_id": "Vnn1-4", "pattern": "V n n", "name": "Cause to know \"V n n\"", "description": "This construction covers events in which the Agent's action causes an Addressee to \"have\" some knowledge in their mind. This is what metaphorically relates this construction to the more general Possession \"V n n\" construction. The nature of the knowledge and how it is given varies according to the verb: it can be a linguistic message (tell, write), the awareness of an entity (show), or a skill (teach).", "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP Verb NP NP", "meaning": "An Agent makes an Addressee aware of some information (the Content), typically by telling them." }, { "id": 89, "construction_id": "Vnn-bidfarewell", "pattern": "V n n", "name": "\"bid someone farewell\"", "description": null, "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP bid NP farewell", "meaning": "A Speaker speaks to an Addressee to say goodbye to them." }, { "id": 90, "construction_id": "Vnn-kissgoodbye", "pattern": "V n n", "name": "\"kiss someone goodbye\"", "description": null, "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP kiss NP goodbye", "meaning": "An Agent kisses a Recipient to say goodbye to them." }, { "id": 91, "construction_id": "Vnn-spintale", "pattern": "V n n", "name": "\"spin someone a tale\"", "description": null, "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP spin NP a tale/story", "meaning": "A Speaker gives an Addressee an account of something that is untrue or only partly true." }, { "id": 92, "construction_id": "Vnn1-5", "pattern": "V n n", "name": "Allow/deny possession \"V n n\"", "description": "This \"V n n\" construction differs from Giving \"V n n\" in that the Agent is not a Donor: they merely decide whether or not someone can have something, but they are not directly responsible for the transfer itself. The Theme in this construction is commonly abstract, as opposed to a physical, e.g. \"access to the building', \"overtime pay\", \"the right to vote\", etc.", "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP Verb NP NP", "meaning": "An Agent has the authority to decide whether or not a Protagonist has a Theme, and they either allow the Protagonist to have the Theme, or keeps the Protagonist from having the Theme." }, { "id": 93, "construction_id": "Vnn1-6", "pattern": "V n n", "name": "Cause to have \"V n n\"", "description": "This \"V n n\" construction describes events in which something causes someone to gain or keep something.", "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP Verb NP NP", "meaning": "A fact or event (the Cause) causes a Recipient to have a Theme." }, { "id": 94, "construction_id": "Vnn1-7", "pattern": "V n n", "name": "Cause not to have \"V n n\"", "description": "This \"V n n\" construction describes events in which something causes someone not to have or to no longer have something. It is instantiated by only two verbs: lose (with two different meanings) and spare.", "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP Verb NP NP", "meaning": "A fact or event (the Cause) causes a Protagonist not to have a Theme." }, { "id": 95, "construction_id": "Vnn-commercecollect", "pattern": "V n n", "name": "Commerce_collect \"V n n\"", "description": "This is a specific use of the Cause not to have \"V n n\" construction in which the theme is some amount of money (the Money) is collected by the Seller from a Buyer in exchange of some goods, as part of a commercial transaction. The main verb in this construction is charge. The construction can also be used with the verb quote, in which case the Seller merely announces to a prospective Buyer how much Money they ask for in exchange of the goods, but the transaction does not actually takes place yet.", "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP Verb NP NP", "meaning": "A Seller collects Money from a Buyer in exchange for some goods." }, { "id": 96, "construction_id": "Vnn-cost", "pattern": "V n n", "name": "\"cost n n\"", "description": "This construction is similar to the Commerce_collect \"V n n\"\n construction, in that it can also apply to commercial transactions, except\n that the transaction is construed from the perspective of the Theme (as\n opposed to that of the seller). This construction is also used more\n generally to describe situations in which some outcome is desired by the\n Payer, without there being a commercial transaction. Cost is the only verb\n compatible with this construction.", "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP cost NP NP", "meaning": "An Asset (usually money) is to be given up by a Payer in order to obtain a Theme." }, { "id": 97, "construction_id": "Vnn-taketime", "pattern": "V n n", "name": "\"take someone time\"", "description": null, "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP take NP NP", "meaning": "An Activity requires some Time_length to be completed by an Agent." }, { "id": 98, "construction_id": "Vnn-dock", "pattern": "V n n", "name": "\"dock someone their money\"", "description": null, "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP dock NP NP", "meaning": "An Agent prevents a Protagonist from having an Asset that they own or are owed (typically wages or some other money)." }, { "id": 99, "construction_id": "Vnn1-8", "pattern": "V n n", "name": "Getting \"V oneself n\"", "description": "In this construction, the \"V n n\" form is used with a reflexive pronoun (myself, yourself, himself, herself, ourselves, themselves). This means that the Agent is also the Recipient of the Theme, and the overall meaning is that the Agent secures a Theme for themselves. Many of the verbs used in this construction are also compatible with other \"V n n\" constructions (e.g. get, buy), but some are more common in the Getting \"V -self n\" construction, and others such as carve and wangle are only used in this construction.", "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP Verb -self NP", "meaning": "An Agent acquires a Theme for him- or herself." }, { "id": 100, "construction_id": "Vnn1-9", "pattern": "V n n", "name": "Predict possession \"V n n\"", "description": "This \"V n n\" subconstruction generalises over only two verbs: bet and wish. The construction itself only captures the very abstract meaning shared by both verbs, and most of the sentence interpretation is provided by the verbs themselves.", "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP Verb NP NP", "meaning": "An Agent does something that involves predicting that a Recipient will have the Theme at a future point in time." }, { "id": 101, "construction_id": "Vnn1-10", "pattern": "V n n", "name": "React to possession \"V n n\"", "description": null, "author": null, "usagenotes": null, "form": "NP Verb NP NP", "meaning": "An Agent reacts to a Stimulus which is a possession or property of a Possessor." } ]